The Criminal Justice System

Task 1 The Criminal Justice System April 26, 2010 According to the American Heritage Dictionary, the criminal equity framework is a â€Å"system of law implementation, the bar, the legal executive, remedies, and probation that is straightforwardly engaged with the fear, indictment, barrier, condemning, detainment, and management of those associated with or accused of a criminal offense† (Mifflin, 2007). The criminal equity framework intends to lessen wrongdoing by carrying more offenses to equity and rise open certainty that the framework is reasonable and will convey for the law of withstanding residents. The criminal equity framework comprises of three regions (1) law requirement (police), (2) settling (courts), and (3) adjustment (prison, detainment facilities, probation, and parole). These organizations work together in the criminal equity framework under the standard of law and as the chief methods for keeping up the standard of law inside society. Be that as it may, in the three territories, the police explain violations and make captures, the court sentences the wrongdoer and the rectification framework complete the discipline and restore the guilty parties. The criminal equity framework essential objectives are equity for singular, individual freedom, respect of people, and the option to fair treatment. Equity for the individual necessitates that all ought to have what has a place with them, thus the simply man will render to the general public, or State, of which he is a part, what is because of it. Individual freedom implies opportunity from unlawful physical limitation or mischief and opportunity from discretionary obstruction with one’s security and legitimate assets. Then again, human poise is a statement of good idea that individuals ought not be treated as articles. One ramifications of human pride is that each individual ought to be recognized as a significant individual from the human network and as an interesting articulation of life. To wrap things up, fair treatment is the rule that the legislature should ordinarily regard the entirety of a person’s lawful rights rather than simply a few or the greater part of those lawful rights when the administration denies an individual of life, freedom, or property. The fair treatment provision in the Fourteenth Amendment ensures against condition of nearby government maltreatment of intensity. Taking everything into account, a criminal equity framework that is straightforward, reasonable and successful is one of America's most significant organizations. All decent residents are administer by fair treatment as indicated by the criminal equity framework. In this manner, it is significant for all residents to adhere to the law as indicated by the police sculptures, the court sculptures, and the adjustment frameworks sculptures on the grounds that there is consistently improvement in this field. References American Heritage Dictionary A History of American Criminal Justice, http://www. en. wikipedia. organization

Dance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Move - Essay Example It is trailed by extending practices that set up the body for the serious developments. The third part includes disconnection works out. At this stage, the artists are instructed how to move various pieces of their bodies independently. This stage is especially significant as an exercise on inventiveness since it empowers the artist to ace their developments before hitting the dance floor with others. Innovativeness includes the utilization of creative mind made conceivable by understanding oneself first. The last advance is where parts of the movement are educated and afterward set up to shape a short standard that is joined by music and move. The innovativeness procedure includes coordinated effort where thoughts are shared and tried. The creations enlivened by hip bounce have profoundly affected popular music. Every single imaginative exertion affect the individuals in question. It has impacted the mentalities of the young around the globe (Watkins, 2005). Hip bounce is an extremely lively aapproach to moving. One of the most widely recognized hip bounce moving styles is break moving. It comprises of acts directed close to the ground that are called downrock or while holding up. It requires a great deal of individual space. Downrock includes the artist turning rapidly on their head or hands. The innovative part of this move style is accentuated by the way that it permits artists to perform openly. It permits individuals to add their individual characters to the move. Different styles are popping, locking, Boogaloo, free-form, electric boogie moves and social move. Free-form permits artists to ad lib singular move moves. The class began during the 1970s (Watkins 2005). The period followed a time of urban recharging and capital flight that brought about a wide hole between the downtowns populated by dark individuals and suburbia populated by the more rich whites (Watkins 2005). One of its motivations was to contribute towards dark strengthening. It was trusted that the vitality, reliability and energy that characterized group life could

Variable-Ratio Schedules Characteristics

Variable-Ratio Schedules Characteristics Theories Behavioral Psychology Print Variable-Ratio Schedules Characteristics By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on October 07, 2019 More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In operant conditioning, a variable-ratio schedule is a schedule of reinforcement where a response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses. This schedule creates a steady, high rate of responding. Gambling and lottery games are good examples of a reward based on a variable ratio schedule. Schedules of reinforcement play a central role in the operant conditioning process. The frequency with which a behavior is reinforced can help determine how quickly a response is learned as well as how strong the response might be. Each schedule of reinforcement has its own unique set of characteristics. Illustration by Brianna Gilmartin, Verywell Characteristics   There are three common, well-known factors: Leads to a high, steady response rateResults in only a brief pause after reinforcementRewards are provided after an unpredictable number of responses When identifying different schedules of reinforcement, it can be very helpful to start by looking at the name of the individual schedule itself. In the case of variable-ratio schedules, the term variable indicates that reinforcement is delivered after an unpredictable number of responses. Ratio suggests that the reinforcement is given after a set number of responses. So together, the term means that reinforcement is delivered after a varied number of responses. It might also be helpful to contrast the variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement with the fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement. In a fixed-ratio schedule, reinforcement is provided after a set number of responses. So, for example, in a variable-ratio schedule with a VR 5 schedule, an animal might receive a reward for every five response, on average. This means that sometimes the reward can come after three responses, sometimes after seven responses, sometimes after five responses, and so on. The reinforcement schedule will average out to be rewarded for every five response, but the actual delivery schedule will remain completely unpredictable. In a fixed-ratio schedule, on the other hand, the reinforcement schedule might be set at a FR 5. This would mean that for every five responses, a reward is presented. Where the variable-ratio schedule is unpredictable, the fixed-ratio schedule is set at a fixed rate. Variable-Ratio Schedule Reinforcement provided after varying set of responses Delivery schedule unpredictable Examples include slot machines, door-to-door sales, video games Fixed-Ratio Schedule Reinforcement provided after a set number of responses Delivery schedule predictable Examples include production line work, grade card rewards, sales commissions Examples Slot machines: Players have no way of knowing how many times they have to play before they win. All they know is that eventually, a play will win. This is why slot machines are so effective, and players are often reluctant to quit. There is always the possibility that the next coin they put in will be the winning one.Sales bonuses: Call centers often offer random bonuses to employees. Workers never know how many calls they need to make to receive the bonus, but they know that they increase their chances the more calls or sales they make.Door-to-door sales: The salesperson travels from house to house, but never knows when they are going to find an interested buyer. It could be the next house, or it might take multiple stops to find a new customer.Video games: In some games, players collect tokens or other items in order to receive a reward or reach the next level. The player may not know how many tokens they need in order to receive a reward or even what that reward will be.

Analysis Of The Article Ready, Fire, Aim, The College...

Journalist, and professor of higher education emeritus at the University of Maryland, College Park, Robert Birnbaum wrote the article â€Å"Ready, Fire, Aim, The College Campus Gun Fight† in which he writes about two sides which he defines as â€Å"MoreGuns† and â€Å"BanGuns† and if one sides argument holds more truth as to whether guns on campus is a positive or negative reality. The article comes from a magazine called Change Magazine. Change Magazine focuses on the modern issues that arise in higher learning. The purpose of the magazine is to inform the readers and stimulate thinking. He reaches audiences on both sides of the argument by adopting a mostly non-emotional, and logical tone that will connect with his readers using facts. Birnbaum builds trust with the reader by being respectful to both sides of the arguments and presenting facts for both sides, at first he appears to be in the middle of the issue, but then as the article continues he shows his fa vored stance on the legal side by referencing the constitution which increases the strength of his argument. Should guns be allowed on campus in any form? Birnbaum tries to answer this question by addressing the MoreGuns and the BanGuns sides. Birnbaum does a good job of presenting the facts and statistics then talking about them. 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Essay on Fossil Fuel Leads to Pollution - 560 Words

INTRODUCTION With the increase in population, there has been consistent demand in every arena for fuel. Human life is largely dependent on material things. These material things are produced and transported with the help of fuel driven mediums, but fuel is largely amassed in very few countries of the world especially middle- East countries. With the growth of the economy and consumption, the governments of many countries of the world are striving hard to find an alternative to the fossil fuel which is slow gradually depleting .Moreover, the fossil fuel leads to pollution and bad effects on human health. Keeping this into mind, bio-diesel would be natural choice for countries largely dependent on import so as to utilize the natural†¦show more content†¦Waste cooking oil (WCO), which is cheaper than edible vegetable oil, is a promising alternative to edible vegetable oil (6). Waste cooking oil and animal oils set forth significant disposal problems in many parts of the world. This environmentally-threatening problem could be turned into all the economical, waste management and environmental benefit by properly using and management of waste cooking oil as a fuel replacement. Many developed countries have set policies that punish the disposal of waste cooking oil into waste drainage (7, 8). The Energy Information Administration (EIA) in the United States (USA) estimated that around 100 million gallons of waste cooking oil are produced per day in the USA, where about 9 pounds of waste cooking oil(WCO) are generated per person per year [9]. The estimated amount of waste cooking oil collected in Europe is about 0.49 - 0.7 million gallons/day [10]. 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Examine the relevance of unitarism to contemporary Free Essays

This essay looks to analyze the relevancy of unitarism to modern-day apprehensions of the employment relationship. This will foreground the implicit in premises associated with unitarism, sing the influence of both power and cognition within the employment relationship, and inquiry whether both factors play a portion within the unitarism position. Lastly it will reason by sketching the figure of elements associated with the employment relationship and whether the unitarism position bases an apprehension of the employment relationship between employer and employees. We will write a custom essay sample on Examine the relevance of unitarism to contemporary or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are legion premises of the unitarism position within the workplace. Harmonizing to Huczynski and Buchanan ( 2001 ) the unitarism frame of mention is â€Å"a position on struggle which regards direction and employee involvements as coincident and which therefore respects ( organizational ) struggle as harmful and to be avoided† . Salamon ( 1992 ) believes the administration exists in good harmoniousness and all struggle is unneeded and exceeding. However there are deductions in following the unitarism attack, the term struggle is expressed as if there is dissatisfaction from the employees with differences in which direction is perceived when transporting out an unreasonable activity. Another deduction is trade brotherhoods are regarded as an invasion and are seeking to vie with direction to derive trueness from the employees, of which the unitarism perspective disfavors. The unitarism construct can be seen as an attack to command the employees, and the psychological contr act is an illustration of this, which stems from the unitarism position. Harmonizing to Gill ( 2007 ) Personal computer literature is frequently based on the unitarism position. Fox ( 1966 ) argues the unitarism position, is found among directors and is regarded as a ‘management political orientation ‘ . Therefore foregrounding the unitarism position as an of import theoretical tool to analyze employee attitudes and perceptual experiences of direction in an organizational context. Unitarism is another tool in which administrations use to command the working environment, which tends to disregard struggle as it does non believe it exists. The unitarism frame of mention affected the employment relationship in 19th century, nevertheless in today ‘s society this is seen as an political orientation as suggested by Fox ( 1966 ) . Harmonizing to Blyton and Turnbull ( 1998 ) the term industrial dealingss will necessitate to alter its focal point to ’employment dealingss ‘ , looking at how the employment relationship operates in pattern. There is an premise that one time there has been an understanding with the employment contract, the employment relationship should be free of struggle, and employees should accept and understand the authorization the administration has in the best involvements of all. However, this premise can be seen to be wrong as it assumes that one size fits all, where as surveies such as Purcell and Hutchinson ( 2007 ) show this non to be the case.From this position point I would reason that the focal point draws off from the administration as a whole and looks at persons, hence conveying in the paradigm of the psychological contract. The Personal computer believes that when the person ( employee ) enters into an understanding with the administration and director, and the person has agreed to this understanding there should be no struggle. This brings in an component of integrity within the administration as all are holding as persons to the administration. With this fond regard to the administr ation and its intents the ideal result from come ining into this understanding is commitment/engagement to the administration. The Personal computer construct is emphasised on managerialism, unitarism, neo-liberal and a societal exchange which is utilised by direction to pull off public presentation. The Personal computer communicates its outlooks and serves a political involvement to direction. Even though the Personal computer does non recognize struggle, it does recognize misdemeanor when it is breached ; which comes back to the component of control exerted by the employer. There are other signifiers of positions administrations adopt, one of the most normally used is the pluralist attack. Marchington and Parker ( 1990 ) argues that there are cardinal differences between the two positions ( unitarism and pluralism ) they are the ‘management ‘s credence and acknowledgment of brotherhoods ‘ , ‘their views about direction privileges ‘ and ’employee engagement ‘ , and in the ‘perceived legitimacy of and reactions to conflict at work ‘ . Therefore as unitarism position disfavors trade brotherhoods, the paradigm of occupation ordinance has more relevancy to the pluralist position as it accepts there is struggle and institutionalises it. The occupation ordinance paradigm allows for directors to hold power and processes ordinance to make order, which regulates power between the employer and employee. This paradigm has an component of objectiveness, as once more it is direction that exert power. However with trade brotherhoods assisting to commit struggle it hence allows corporate bargaining to take topographic point. Harmonizing to Kaufman ( 2008 ) the IR field has made a displacement towards a narrower paradigm of which consisted of trade brotherhoods, corporate bargaining and labour-management dealingss over the past few decennaries. There is an issue of equality which needs to be addressed in the employment relationship. The employment relationship is non equal as the employer is in the place of power, by utilizing the cognition of the work force and pull stringsing them by the usage of linguistic communication they use in the working environment to derive control. As suggested by Foucault, administrations change linguistic communication in order to rule the work force. However, Foucault ( 1980 ) besides believed that cognition is an built-in portion of power and can non be separated. â€Å"It is non possible for power to be exercised without cognition, it is impossible for cognition non to breed power† ( Foucault, 1980: p52 ) . I agree with Foucault ‘s statement in how power can non be enforced without cognition, as if it did there would be terrible effects to the administration and employees. As suggested by Townley ( 1993 ) â€Å"Power is the desire to cognize. Power is non negative ; on the con trary, it is creative† . From this statement it suggests that power is non a negative, but can be utilised to acquire the best out of cognition. Again this relates to the unitarism position as it exerts power, in order to command cognition within the workplace and in society in general. In decision the unitarism position contains premises that if it controls the working environment so there will be no struggle, nevertheless as discussed earlier this is non the instance. The employment relationship is non equal and the employer places themselves in power by utilizing linguistic communication to command the work force. As discussed power and cognition can non run as separate entities therefore they both play a portion within the unitarism position. The employment relationship is besides complex as it is the context within which interaction between employees and employers are conducted either separately or jointly ( Rose, 2004 ) . How to cite Examine the relevance of unitarism to contemporary, Essay examples

The narrator of Battle Royal Essay Example For Students

The narrator of Battle Royal Essay The narrator of Battle Royal, lived his life under the illusion that everybody had an equal chance in life. He desperately wanted and tried to please everyone, thinking that if he did he would eventually rise and become somebody great. He was a great speaker and his speeches won him great recognition, but he did not realize that nobody took him seriously. He was trapped in a body of inferior qualities and would never amount to anything. The setting of Battle Royal, was recently after slavery had been abolished. A time where blacks were free, but looked upon and treated with less than equality. The narrator was praised by the whitest of white men in the town, and looked upon as an example of desirable conduct. What he did not understand was that they did not think any more of him than any other black man, he was just another nigger to them. We will write a custom essay on The narrator of Battle Royal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The magnificent blonde that paraded around the middle of the boxing ring was more than just amusement. This was everything that these black men wanted, but would never have. She represented the American dream of power, wealth, and fame. The narrator knew he could never have her, but he looked anyway. Had the price of looking been blindness, I would have looked. Pg198. The author had devoted his life to pleasing the white men, so he could speak, to be somebody, but he would never amount to anything. He was their toy. The Battle Royal, itself was a thorough example of the power that the white man had over the blacks. All ten of the boys were made to go through acts of humiliation before and after they had fought and made to wear blindfolds during the actual fight. The boys were degraded and humiliated throughout the whole event and didnt once think that they were being mistreated. They were scared of the white men and what might happen if they did not cooperate. The boys had been brought in to fight for the men and be nothing more than an amusement. After the fight was over the boys were led to an electrified rug, covered in piles of money, which they were told was to be their reward. There appeared to be quite a sum of coins, crumpled bills, and gold pieces, which turned out to be next to nothing considering the gold pieces were actually brass advertising tokens. The boys had been misled, lied to, and physically abused, but never spoke out against the white men once. The white men knew the could do whatever they wanted and they did. A few days after the fight the narrator had a dream that he and his grandfather were at the circus. I dreamed that I was at the circus and that he refused to laugh at the clowns no matter what they did. Pg. 205. This dream was an image of what had happened that night at the Battle Royal. He was one of the white  men sitting in the crowd looking at what had been him and the other boys which were represented by the clowns. His grandfather was trying to show him what he had really looked like that night in the ring. Then he opened his briefcase to read what was inside. He opened the envelope stamped with the state seal only to endlessly find envelope after envelope. His grandfather explained to him that these envelops represented years of his life. Finally the last envelope contained a letter which read, To Whom It May Concern, Keep This Nigger Boy Running. Pg. 205. This letter represented what the white man wanted for him. They wanted him to become educated and to eventually lead his people. They figured that they could keep him busy leading his people in circles. To keep them ever chasing their dreams to which they would never catch up with. .uce7c275b9c2564665f51f6f6ee5a839d , .uce7c275b9c2564665f51f6f6ee5a839d .postImageUrl , .uce7c275b9c2564665f51f6f6ee5a839d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uce7c275b9c2564665f51f6f6ee5a839d , .uce7c275b9c2564665f51f6f6ee5a839d:hover , .uce7c275b9c2564665f51f6f6ee5a839d:visited , .uce7c275b9c2564665f51f6f6ee5a839d:active { border:0!important; } .uce7c275b9c2564665f51f6f6ee5a839d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uce7c275b9c2564665f51f6f6ee5a839d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uce7c275b9c2564665f51f6f6ee5a839d:active , .uce7c275b9c2564665f51f6f6ee5a839d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uce7c275b9c2564665f51f6f6ee5a839d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uce7c275b9c2564665f51f6f6ee5a839d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uce7c275b9c2564665f51f6f6ee5a839d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uce7c275b9c2564665f51f6f6ee5a839d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uce7c275b9c2564665f51f6f6ee5a839d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uce7c275b9c2564665f51f6f6ee5a839d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uce7c275b9c2564665f51f6f6ee5a839d .uce7c275b9c2564665f51f6f6ee5a839d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uce7c275b9c2564665f51f6f6ee5a839d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Compare The Generic Codes And Conventions Of The Science Fiction Are Used In 'The Day The Earth Stood Still' and 'Independence Day' EssayThe narrator had lived his whole life chasing his dreams and continually ignoring the reality of his situation. He thought the white men were helping him to achieve his goals and eventually he would get to where he wanted to be. What he did not realize was that he was doing everything the white man wanted him to. They did not take him seriously and they never would.

Portrait of a Serial Killer Analysis Essay

Portrait of a Serial Killer Analysis Essay Portrait of a Serial Killer Analysis Essay Sample Portrait of a Serial Killer Analysis Essay Sample When one hears about a new serial killer in the neighborhood, the usual stereotype depicts a raging maniac who rapes and tortures young girls. Such a description can characterize a serial killer but only a small percentage. On the average, many murderers are no more insane than any other person. In fact, the serial killer can appear in any form. A well-groomed nurse who poisons her infirm patients to â€Å"play God,† an exhausted mother who smothers her children to stop them from crying, a disturbed man who murders prostitutes to punish them for their sins, a high-maintained prostitute who kills her clients to avenge herself for all the insults and abuses she experienced, a respectable father and a member of the community who slaughters strangers to exert power at least in some sphere of his life (Fox Levin, 1998, p. 410). All these cases can fit into a serial killer profile. It is true that in many cases serial killing is predetermined by sexual lust that is aggravated by a sadistic component (Purcell, 2006). However, it is not always the case. Apart from killing for any kind of pleasure and cases of schizophrenia or â€Å"voices form God†, there are other factors that contribute to the necessity to kill people (Fox Levin, 1998, p. 442). Gaining profit may seem a motif not strong enough for engaging into the frenzy of serial murder. However, there are cases when women killed their husbands to provide themselves with their insurance (Ramsland, 2006, p. 4). The main factor for serial killing is still the desire to dominate. The overwhelming majority of researches prove that serial killers come from dysfunctional households or from families where children were not connected to their primary caretakers. It led to alienation and emotional closeness (Schurman-Kauflin, 2000, p. 179). Despite the fact that white males in their late twenties take leading places in Serial Killer Top 100, females also found their way of escaping depression and ennui of their lives in putting other human beings to death. Even young children picked on the trend for serial murder. Schurman-Kauflin wrote about the three cases of school students committing serial killings, all in the late 1990s (2000, p. 22). The fact that in one case an 11-year-old female is the lead suspect in the serial murders of 4 children cannot help but frighten. We come across the horrifying examples of people’s cruelty every day. It is impossible to always screen them off with â€Å"I cannot believe it.† We have to believe it and do something. The society has to address the issue of serial murder. The first step is to learn about the factors that contribute to the development of sadistic and perverse personalities. When we know who can commit it and in what circumstances, then we can resist and combat it. If we do not do it now, they can come and get us later. Our perception is often distorted by fiction and mass media. We are left with a wrong impression about the serial killers’ preys and that it will never involve us and our families. However, not knowing, or not understanding, how the serial killers operate and thinks will make us walk right into their hands. At the moment, there is a wealth of information on the subject. We just need to tap into it and make conclusions. Warned means armed. What Makes a Serial Killer? It is a general knowledge that serial killing involves individual psychopathology. After watching movies about exceptionally weird serial killers people begin to think that only sociopaths or mentally insane people may kill other human beings premeditatevely and repeatedly. However, it is not always the case. Scholars say that antisocial behavior â€Å"reflects a disorder of character or personality rather than of the mind† (Fox Levin, 1998, p. 420). On the whole, serial killers can tell right from wrong and are aware of what they do. They are even capable to control their wild fantasies, however they choose not to (p. 419). Until recently the majority of psychiatrists considered mental insanity to be the primarily cause for multiple murders (Fox Levin, 1998, p. 419). Apart from the movies on extravagant serial killers (Silence of the Lambs, for example) that fed off such an opinion, there were cases when murderers suffered from schizophrenia or imaginary voices that ordered to kill. However, according to Fox and Levin, â€Å"only one in twenty sexually sadistic serial killers studied by Warren, Hazelwood, and Dietz was psychotic† (p. 419). If not mental illness thrn what makes a serial killer? Do they hate people? It is true that sociopaths fit the mold to commit multiple murders. They lack remorse, do not sympathize, and care exclusively for their own pleasures in life. Simply put, they have no conscience (Fox Levin, 1998, p. 420). At the same time, sociopathy in its pure form can rarely be met, even in serial killers. However, serial killers may suffer from â€Å"borderline personality disorder† when a person has fits of bad mood, â€Å"impulsivity, intense anger, chronic feelings of boredom †¦ a profound sense of abandonment and rejection† (p. 420-421). In such a case, people are capable of qualms of conscience and remorse. In order to overcome it, murderers may compartmentalize their victims by applying some criteria to them (Ramsland, 2006, p. 179). For example, they do not feel pangs of guilt towards the strangers and can murder them easily. Another loophole for their conscience can be an expl anation to themselves that their victims â€Å"deserve† the punishment. For instance, prostitutes are filthy and it is their own fault that they fall a prey to sex criminals; vagabond alcoholics became subhuman and therefore, it is not a sin to kill such beingd; gays are seen as AIDS carriers and by eliminating them they make the world a better place (Fox Levin, 1998, p. 423). The myth of the victims â€Å"deserving the punishment† makes serial murderers unable to feel remorse. The fantasy world screens off from them the startling reality. Therefore, it may happen that while on trial the serial killers are subjected to the numerous evidence against their world view. Seeing what the victim’s relatives and friends suffer may prompt the murderer to perceive what he or she had done and repent. That was the case of Milwaukee’s Jeffrey Dahmer who apologized to the families right in the courtroom for murdering, abusing, and cannibalizing his seventeen victims (Fox Levin, 1998, p. 424). Criminologists, psychologists and other related experts continue to look for reasons for such inhuman behavior. Both health issues and environment can influence a person to develop into a maniac (Fox Levin, 1998, p. 448). Among biological factors, Fox and Levin mention the presence of head trauma or frontal lobe epilepsy and the chemical imbalances in the brain (p. 448). Environmental premises may include unsuccessful adoption cases, child abuse, and humiliation or rejection (p. 448). In fact, serial killers, when caught, tend to play the abusive childhood card. Sociopaths are especially good liars because they have enough cold-blooded boldness to lie convincingly. There were cases when serial murderers managed to fool psychiatrists with their tales of child abuse such as the cases of the Hillside Strangler Kenneth Bianchi and the Genesee River Killer Arthur Shawcross (p. 449). The problem with a psychotic serial killer is the following. In order to be named a serial killer, a person should murder no less than four people (Fox Levin, 1998, p. 408). Most psychotic killers are very sloppy, act impulsively and do not pay enough attention to cover the traces. That is the reason they get caught before they kill enough victims to be classified as a serial killer (Brown, 2003, p. 36). The FBI offered the organized/disorganized distinction between multiple murderers. There are serial killers who are well-organized, intelligent, have romantic partners and children, good workers, curious about their crime in mass media, from a fine family; and another type of serial killers who are disorganized, less intelligent, lonely, jobless or an unskilled worker, and do not follow the investigation of their crimes (Fox Levin, 1998, p. 428). Definitely such descriptions are very polarized, and in real life it is difficult to find a killer who ideally fits the profile. Rather the profiles are used â€Å"as a tool to focus on a range of suspects† (Fox Levin, 1998, p. 428). They give clues and provide a direction to search for a suspect. Therefore, it is difficult to foresee whether a person can develop into a serial killer or not. A range of biological and behavioral peculiarities influence it. However, in general it would be wise not to think all serial murderers are insane or they all are evil. Rather they are extremely self-centered, are not thoughtful of consequences, and experienced violent treatment before. Time to Take into Account Startling Rates of Female Serial Killing Edna was a single African American female who was known for a jobless status and her promiscuous sexual relations to pay her rent. Having babies almost every two years for 10 years, Edna miraculously lost them to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome when they were in her care with no other witnesses. With no relatives and no steady job, Edna managed to work on sympathies of the general public and jurors when her case was brought to court even after she admitted to suffocating the fifth child. Edna served 10 years for killing five children (Schurman-Kauflin, 2000, p. 184). A typical serial killer profile is a white male in his late twenties or early thirties (Fox Levin, 1998, p. 413). However, there already exists statistical and scholarly information on female multicide (Schurman-Kauflin, 2000, p. 3). Despite making only a small percentage of total multiple murders (one eighth of the general number), female serial killing is on the rise. In the last thirty years, there were recorded 26 female serial killers in the United Stated, which is a huge increase from previous years (p. 12). It should not be ignored. Women are rarely thought of as murderers so female serial killers may go unpunished for years making more and more harm. Their seeming innocence is what makes them more dangerous than men. Indeed, there is a difference between male and female killers. If not in the commonalities of the background, which are often similar, such as violence and abuse in childhood, than in methods of committing a crime (Schurman-Kauflin, 2000, p. 4). Male perpetrators rarely use firearms preferring to â€Å"take an active part in producing [their victims’] suffering and misery† by stabbing or strangling (Fox Levin, 1998, p. 416). Meanwhile female serial killers typically suffocate or poison because due to average physical abilities they choose their prey among elderly and young who are weaker than them (Schurman-Kauflin, 2000, p. 10). Both male and female serial killers choose the weakest as their victims but they look for them in different surroundings. Female multiple murder usually involves elders or children in care, while male serial killing sees easy prey in prostitutes, young women, and homeless alcoholics (Schurman-Kauflin, 2000, p. 18). According to recent studies, female serial killers tend to be care-givers (p. 17). They come from traditional families with sex roles defined conventionally so they choose female dominated professions of nurses, teachers, cooks or other types of caketaking (p. 17). However, the idea that women can be premeditate and murder people in their care is still unacceptable to many people. In fact, so strong is people’s disbelief in female serial killers that they often simply refuse to believe that a frail woman can conceive and execute a cold blooded murder, especially a series of them. Deborah Schurman-Kauflin tells the case of the nurse’s aides Gwen Graham and Cathy Wood of Michigan who played the game of spelling â€Å"murder† with the initials of their victims who they smothered to death at a nursing home (p. 13). Even after the women vividly described their crimes to police, â€Å"to this day, many refuse to believe that [they] could commit such atrocious acts† (p. 13). In any case, both male and female serialists share a common characteristic – they come from an abusing household (Schurman-Kauflin, 2000, p. 179). Violence breeds violence. Therefore, multiple murderers see the same hostility and unloving attitude as they have experienced in their families in their childhood. â€Å"With this expectation of abuse and distrust comes emotional isolation, which manifests itself in the forms of being emotionally flat and failing to feel empathy for others† (p. 179). As a result, being very lonely and isolated, the serial killers believe that they can restore their psychological balance through exerting power. In their case, it can be done through serial killing. The researchers ruled out the tornado effect that begins as a feeling of powerlessness in the face of humiliation and abuse experienced in their childhood. It accumulates into rage and anger which breed violent thoughts and fantasies. When another act of humiliation and powerlessness happens a next bout of more violent fantasies follows. After that usually the female multiple murderers begin to take it on small animals and later on children. The next step can be murder (Schurman-Kauflin, 2000, p. 192). In addition, the feeling of inadequacy and anger is intensified by their inability to express themselves. There is evidence that the female offenders often suffer from verbal difficulties. â€Å"Much like male offenders, this leads to increased levels of isolation and anger, which in turn becomes suppressed aggression† (Schurman-Kauflin, 2000, p. 124). When being children they had troubles in recognizing and describing their emotions, both written and verbal. Apart from a lack of education, the reason for it may be the detachment from other people. Not having close relationship with parents or siblings and being isolated from their peers, due to difficulties in communication and feeling different, such children shut down emotionally (p. 125). It can contribute to all other factors that constitute a profile of a serial killer. Primarily, it is up to the society to turn their gaze to the problem of the female multiple murders. Very often public opinion is not ready to accept and, therefore, to punish the female offender. So strong is the belief in caring capacities of women and their inability to act so atrociously. If it concerns a one-time murder we can believe that a woman could be driven to despair by an abusive father or a partner but to assume that a woman could kill her children, one a year, it is beyond our comprehension and, hence, impossible. Schurman-Kauflin mentions the case of the 72-year-old Maria Noe from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, who received probation after confessing the murder of her eight children (Schurman-Kauflin, 2000, p. 13). Her advanced age and her gender influenced the jurors not to put her to prison. However, it is nothing else than a serial killer and it deserves to be judged with all severity. The method of choosing a victim among people in direct care and the geographical proximity of murder cases in close vicinity make the female serial killer extremely dangerous. You never know who will be her next prey: your neighbor, your child, or even you. The detectives, criminologists, and other related experts polish their profiling skills. Even if through profiling a criminal cannot be indicated at once, the results of the research demonstrate commonalities in the backgrounds and behavioral patterns of assailants (Schurman-Kauflin, 2000, p. 213). Therefore, it narrows a search. Those who want to help in apprehending serial killers and, for example, to become a profiler, first of all, need to extensively study the multiple murders and its motivation. Without understanding the psychology of a serial killer and his or her background it would be impossible to track them. With proper academic training (Ph.D. or a Master’s Degree in Criminal Justice, Psychology, or Sociology) and homicide investigative experience, a good profiler should have first-hand experience with serial killers; otherwise, there can be blank spaces in the understanding of their motivation (Schurman-Kauflin, 2000, p. 218). Not all multiple murderers are eager to allow to dig into their heads and research the subject of their crimes. Especially female convicts are rather reticent concerning their background and what their reasons for killing were (p. 95). Some may think that so many efforts are excessive in the era of computers. However, in the case of studying human psyche, no machine can outdo an intelligent individual. Until today, computer profiling served as to point in the right direction rather than as a reliable source of exact information (Schurman-Kauflin, 2000, p. 219). Apart from difficulties to systemize all relevant information, computers simply do not have intuition which is very helpful when working with people. â€Å"A good profiler gives direction, elucidates difficult subjects, predicts behavior, aids in investigative techniques, provides interview suggestions, and helps in court situations† (p. 218). Besides the work of professional experts, each of us can armor oneself against becoming a potential victim. It is obligatory for everyone to educate oneself what we can do to protect ourselves. Questions to check the understanding of the material provided 1. Are the serial killers mentally insane? 2. What is an average portrait of a serial killer? 3. How female serial killers chose their victims? 4. What is the tornado effect? 5. What was the most startling information you learned from reading the magazine?

Adverse vs. Averse

Adverse vs. Averse Adverse vs. Averse Adverse vs. Averse By Mark Nichol Adverse and averse share the root verse, which stems from the Latin term vertere, meaning â€Å"to turn.† But their meanings are distinct and, taken literally, antonymic: Adverse, from the Latin word adversus (â€Å"turned toward, facing†), means â€Å"antagonistic†; the original term conjures of image of confrontation. Averse, meanwhile, comes from aversus (â€Å"turned away†) and means â€Å"strongly disinclined† or â€Å"strongly unfavorable to.† Other forms of adverse are adversary, meaning â€Å"opponent,† and adversity, referring to the quality of opposition. Adversary is also an adjective, but, perhaps because of confusion with the noun form of that word, adversarial came to prevail in that usage. Avert, meanwhile, is related to averse and means â€Å"to turn away, to avoid.† (Veer, though it has the same meaning, is unrelated; it’s from a Germanic word meaning â€Å"to slacken.†) A whole family of other words with the verse root exist: Converse means â€Å"the exact opposite† and has the noun and verb form convert, meaning â€Å"someone who turns† and â€Å"to turn,† respectively, and the noun form conversion, referring to the act of converting. Converse also means â€Å"to speak with someone† (to â€Å"turn† speech) and leads to the adjective conversant and the noun conversation. (The latter used to also mean â€Å"living together† or â€Å"having sexual relations.†) Diverse, originally divers, means â€Å"distinct† and is the parent of diversity, divergent, divert, and diversion. Extrovert, which means â€Å"turned outward,† is mirrored by the antonym introvert. (These also serve as noun forms.) Inverse means â€Å"turn about† or â€Å"turn over† and has the verb form invert and the noun form inversion. Obverse, meaning â€Å"turned toward,† is the opposite of reverse, â€Å"turned away,† which, unlike the more rarely used obverse, has a noun form, too: reversal. Perverse, which means â€Å"turned away (from what is correct),† has the noun forms pervert, for a person, and perversion, for the quality. Transverse means â€Å"turned across† (the rare noun form is transversal), and traverse means â€Å"to pass across.† Versus also ultimately derives from vertere by way of, well, versus. (The Old English suffix -weard, from which we derive -ward seen in toward, forward, and so on is akin to versus.) Other related words include verse (from the idea of â€Å"turning† from one line of verse to another), versed (â€Å"knowledgeable† literally, â€Å"one who knows verses,† with the connotation of one who â€Å"turns over† a subject of study), and versify, or â€Å"write verse.† Anniversary, meanwhile, literally means â€Å"year turning,† and universe, originally meaning â€Å"all together,† is derived from the words for â€Å"one† and â€Å"turn.† University, referring to a place of learning, stems from the idea of â€Å"whole,† with the connotation of â€Å"community.† (Varsity, an alteration of a shortening of university, denotes the primary group of athletes in any sport who represent a university or other school.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply with225 Foreign Phrases to Inspire YouAffect vs. Effect

Disabled Entrepreneurs Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Disabled Entrepreneurs - Literature review Example A disability is a condition or function judged to be significantly impaired, relative to the usual standard of an individual or group. The term is used to refer to individual functioning, including physical impairment, sensory impairment, cognitive impairment, intellectual impairment, mental illness and various types of chronic disease. Furthermore, people with disability make up 20% of the total population of the poorest people in the world. There are 10 million individuals with disability in the UK alone, which comprises 18% of the total population of employed individuals (Wood et al., 2012: p. 146). A large number of disabled individuals have by now built opportunities or prospects for themselves by means of entrepreneurship. The advantages of entrepreneurship for these disabled people rest largely in their self-reliance and in the chance to engage in their own business decision-making, the capability to make their own timetable and pace, and the prevention of stereotypes and discrimination that are at times observed in the practise of recruitment, leading to underemployment or unemployment. Decreased transportation difficulties offered by home-based businesses are important advantages too. Disabled individuals usually face challenges, difficulties, or barriers when trying to embark on entrepreneurial projects, particularly in obtaining the resources or capital required for business start-ups, for they do not have the adequate resources or credit to fall back on as indemnity for a loan (Parker, 2009). This paper discusses the barriers confronted by disabled entrepreneurs and the possible measures that can be implemented to help disabled people become successful entrepreneurs and gain self-sufficiency and confidence. In certain instances, they may not possess the assets, knowledge, or information needed to formulate a business plan, a successful path to economic self-reliance

Diabetes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Diabetes - Essay Example The paper aims at discussing the impact and influence of diabetes on South Asian Indian women rather covering the whole South Asia. This would also help in understanding reasons behind the high prevalence of diabetes among these women along with developing a program to curtail the overall impact and influence of diabetes in the short as well as in the long run (Jenum, Birkeland, 2005) It needs to be understood that Type-2 Diabetes is quite common among Asian Indian women that creates Insulin resistance along with disallowing blood sugar to enter into cells and thus affecting the energy level. It is often believed that high weight and calorie rich diet along with genetics play an important role in increasing the chances of diabetes. There is no denying that Asian Indian women are on a healthier side because of high consumption of oily and rich food stuffs. Their living standard and life style also makes things difficult for them in the short as well as in the long run (Ramachandran, V ijay, 1999). The assignment aims at highlighting health care problems pertaining to diabetes in an informative and analytical manner along with offering solutions and measures to control its impact and influence. For this purpose, Precede Proceed Model would be used to increase the effectiveness of study. The whole idea is to understand the health pattern, health issues and health resistance of Asian Indian Women in context to diabetes. Health Care Problems The rise of diabetes cases among South Asian Indian women is often considered as an alarming sign in the health communities across the world. People of South Asian community carry diabetes and heart attack risks more than any other ethnic community across the world. As per Nishan Wijenaike (2007), diabetologist consultant in West Suffolk Hospitals, United Kingdom, diabetes problem is quite common in Asian Women because of insulin resistance and obesity issues. Insulin resistance is closely associated with the obesity that often i ncreases the weight along with other health complications like heart problems and kidney failures. There is no denying that diet and lifestyle plays a major role in diabetes often responsible for its aggravation in the short as well as in the long run. The high fat diet and low level of physical activities increase the body weight supporting the insulin resistance and affecting the body glucose and energy level in a negative manner. Diabetes is a chronic disease caused due to genetic factor and a mixture of urbanization factors like high calorie diet, less physical activities, limited access to greenery and fresh air and imbalanced diet. Women suffering from diabetes can only be educated and motivated to minimize its impact along with controlling it using effective measures like proper diet and healthy living (Sriskantharajah Kai, 2006) At the same time, it is important to create awareness among women not suffering from diabetes but having chances of getting affected by it in the fu ture. It is believed that precaution is better than cure and thus there is a need of an effective diabetes control program creating awareness along with motivating Asian Women in an exemplary manner. There is a need to create awareness at the community level along with including health care communities and women to discuss the diabetes issue along with coming up with solutions to minimize its

Importance of Reputation in Othello

Importance of Reputation in Othello Reputation is very important when one needs to know whom to trust and what judgments can be made about a reason. The reputation of three characters in the play Othello by Shakespeare plays important role in determining the eventual results of the play. The end results of the play would have been different if Iago had not been known as a honest person or Othello not being a noble military man and also if Cassios reputation had not been tarnished. Iago himself states that, reputation is an idle and most false imposition, often got without merit and lost without deserving (Havoc, par.7). Reputation would bring about good judgment, both in the decisions made and those others makes about a given character. A hero is someone who confronts issues beyond the social rules, who in their physical journey encounters fundamental conditions of life and understands The Epic of Gilgamesh covers every aspect of great epic literature, that is fantastic geographies and exotic characters; tiresome quests and hard journeys; victorious battles with monsters, supernatural beings and natural forces. Literatures have been used throughout history of civilization to express a variety of cultural issues. The episode of Mesopotamian Noah, as is evident with, the character Utnapishtim, who was advised to build a great boat and fill it with animals and his family to escape flooding, has been related to biblical Noah and therefore the Epic of Gilgamesh has received biblical critics (eNotes.com, par.1). The social structure and values of society can be seen throughout the actions of Gilgamesh and his people. This epic brings forth the perception of the ancient Sumerian and Babylonian cultures. Gilgamesh is shown to be struggling against the gods, natural forces and his own mortality and this reflects his ones efforts to find rest in society and universe. Importance of Reputation Gilgamesh was a strong powerful leader who was more of God and stronger than any other king alive. He treated his subjects harshly and unkindly. This made people to ask the god of Uruk to create an opposing ruler who has equal strengths to Gilgamesh so that they might even be left to rest in peace. Enkidu was then created and he had scaring features that destroyed his reputation and he was referred to as wild man, this made Gilgamesh to tame him and even put off his marriage with the goddess of love. Gilgamesh was concerned about his reputation after fighting with Enkidu, they became friends and travel together for fights, he aimed at establishing eternal reputation saying he wants to leave behind a name that endures(pg.71). Gilgamesh would get ready for the journey by offering sacrices to Shamash so that he may get loyal friends, obtain weapons and he also sought intervention from her mother who had then adopted Enkidu. In the epic of Gilgamesh, the gods possessed great powers that showed social values that were adored in the society. Gilgamesh was characterized by military nature and strong social standing for the people he represented and these revealed qualities of a good warrior that is valued within society. In the beginning of the story, Gilgamesh was a bad king, but later he became determined, considering his internal feelings and questioned his eternal mortality. It was the power of gods in the society, but not the population, that redirected his actions so that he may not harm the people. Gilgamesh being a brave warrior, his people had confidence in him and they would fight fearlessly and would emerged victors with everyone they fight with. They fought with a mighty beast Humbaba and defeated him; this shows that even such a mighty enemy was still no match for Gilgameshs extreme skill. It is said that, Gilgameshs tribe is unconquerable, and aroused by small insults, (par. 2). In this regard Gilgameshs virtues as a awesome leader is revealed. He proved his skill of a warrior and leadership ability beyond imagination when he rws the boat across the sea faster than a boat man. For one to be a good leader, one has to prove their powerfulness and ability to defend their people always. Gilgamesh revealed this throughout the entire epic. His intelligence is shown when he sought advise and counseling from his mother who is wise AND worries not (Tramp, par4). His reputation as a leader who sought no fame but fought for whole his kingdom is a true characteristic of a selfless leader. Reputation plays an important role in the play Othello that was written by Shakespeare. It is evident that Iago wouldnt have been able to do what he did without such a good reputation of honesty. In fact Othello praises him and because of Iagos reputation Othello takes caution when he is talking. In the play Iago deceives Othello and all people through his reputation. In the other hand, Othello engages his reputation in every scene of the play, also the varying of Cassios reputation plays an important role in the play. Othello revealed no nonsense military general characters that eventually lead to death of Desdemona. When he heard from Iago that Cassio and Desdemona were cheating on him, he became extremely upset and anxious that he couldnt think clearly and wanted to kill her. He said that I will chop her into messes! Cuckold me? (123 helpme.com, par.3). Othello couldnt believe that Desdemona could deceive him and cheated on him. Because of his reputation, he was unable to throw wo rds on her in that situation. He kept anger in his heart since he knew that his reputation is going to be tarnished when it comes out that his wife was unfaithful to him. Reputation meant a lot to him and this is shown when he said that for naught I did in hate, but all in honor (123helpe.com, par3). His reputation was his treasure in relation to his position as a general and respect that he had from ranked below and above him. At the end of the play Othello died while trying to keep his reputation. In the play, lagos reputation is exact opposite of his true nature. His reputation was being an honest man. He made all people to believe that he was honest as it is written of him as O, thats an honest fellowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, you advice me wellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ goodnight honest lago (123helpme.com, par.2). This made Othello to declare his loyalty and friendship to him. He would completely make everybody to strongly believe that he had very good personal qualities and honest person. Therefore, he often uses these qualities to gain favors saying that devils would show good characters first before their inner characters are revealed. Through all these, Lago was able to deceive Othello and made him believe that Desdemona was really unfaithful to him. Desdemonas innocent and pure reputation is destroyed by Iago when he had Othello to begin doubting her. His reputation protected him from being confronted by Othello throughout the scene. No one could doubt Iago, even if it ever came out that he was setting up to destroy Othello, Desmona and Cassino. He always controlled Othellos mind using his reputation to accomplish whatever he intends to do. Because of his honest reputation, he was able to damage Cassios reputation and eventual death of Desdemona and Othello. Throughout the scene, Cassio changes his reputation often and these took a major part in the play. He is shown as an honest, loyal and just soldier but his reputation comes to a halt when he gets drunk. Cassio depended on reputation in order to accomplish his missions, but when he was lowered from his position, his behavior changed and he was afraid of Othello. He said that I have lost the immortal part of myself, and what remains is bestial(123helpme.com, par.4). His reputation was spoiled after being demoted and Othello was not impressed and could not hold him as a friend anymore. Because of his drunkenness, Iago was able to convince Othello that he had affairs with Desdemona and were cheating on him. Othello told Casino that I will make thee an example, (123helpme.com, par.4) and these openly revealed to him that he no longer earns trust from Othello, his friend. As he tried to resolve his differences with Othello, Iogo would come in and disrupts everything. Iago made spoilt reput ation of Cassio has his stepping stone in accomplishing all his plans. Oedipus being the main character is said to have met a tragic fate Oedipus is portrayed as a rash, unreasonable and overly confident king, who is always trying to keep up with his unavoidable fate. In the beginning of the play he is described as a great king and a ruler of the people of Thebes. When the people of Thebes came to him with a problem, he would solve it being a determined king. When the city went through problems he was eager to solve it in order to gain reputation and become a hero, he always looked for such opportunities. The people appreciated his greatness as a king and would always turn to him to find a solution to their problems. Oedipus from the beginning is considered as a great celebrity and a national leader of a state during the time of crisis. Thebes was attacked by plagues and they believed it was a manifestation of the fatal forces of the universe they lived. Because of his wisdom in dealing with adventurous things, people loved, acknowledged and respected h im. They told him that we judge you as the first of men in what happens in this life and in our interactions with the gods (Johnston, par. 20). He was a person who had self assurance and confidence and ready to face any crisis taking it has his own unique challenge. He solved the riddle of the sphinx, he revealed his intelligence. His downfall is as a result of incidents beyond his control, and is rather the result of fate. Answers to Shakespeares Othello Othello begins to doubt Desdemona when she asked Cassio to stay and see the way she would approach Othello, but he went away being ashamed of what he did the previous day. Iago who was with Othello said, Ha! I like not that! and this made Othello have second thoughts about rejecting Cassio and because of his reputations he couldnt be suspicious about his wife and her friend Cassio. Iago builds more doubts when he tells him that the two had been alone together before. When Desdemona leaves with Emilia, Iago preceded convincing Othello of her unfaithfulness. Iago makes Othello to develop jealousness and is not a jealous man by nature. Iago continued to convince Othello that his wife had deceived her father in marrying the Moor. Emilia collaborated with Iago, in collecting the handkerchief that was dropped by Desdemona when she was with Othello but they came convincing Othello that she was using it to wipe Cassios beards. When Othello asked him to produce more evidence, he said that he overheard Cassio mentioning Desdemonas name in a dream and with this he couldnt produce any evidence. Othello lost his sense of humanity as he insulted Desdemona and issued barbaric threats to Cassio. At these scenes it was the lowest point of Othello and on the other hand, it was highest point to Iago who seemed secure in his complete triumph. Difference between Othello Play and the Movie The play is an interpretation of the movie in many ways. It uses the text to develop the story and modernizes characters to appeal to the audience. The audience sees Odin as a basketball player and not a warrior as portrayed in the movie. Racial perception is brought up in a play as there is how uncivilized people are in Africa when Othello describes Africans as being cannibals that eats each other. The theme of jealousy, racial bias and deceitfulness is revealed in both the play and movie. In the play, Rodrigos character is overdramatic, simple minded and dearly loves Desdemona. Though Rodrigos affection seemed adolescent and included jealousy, the movie cannot bring it out. The choice of setting differs in the play and the movie. In the movie the choice of setting in regard to time and geographic location is of a modern era school and surrounding environment portraying modern time. This setting showed the politics involved in high school basketball play. The relationship of womens characters is similar, but the difference comes in the time and setting. The movie uses the difference in the play to emphasize its originality. Conclusion Reputation is important in our society today has it helps everyone in making judgments about others. The hero is more is more likely to be someone who confronts fate in a very personal manner and whose reaction to that encounter serves to illuminate for us our own particular condition. Gilgamesh was a strong and brave thus being qualified as an ideal warrior. He possessed many heroic qualities as powerful, impulsive, sexually aggressive, wanting to conquer the wilderness and protect his people. Othellos reputation played a big role in the outcome of the play and in part caused Desdemonas death and his own. Cassio was a loyal person to be a friend and he always followed orders he was given. Oedipus took every challenge with himself and he had a powerful sense of excellence and self worth. Since he had a high regard for himself, after saving the city when many others could not, people came to him because of his qualities.

Creating Human Service Agencies Essay

Human Services agencies play a vital role in connecting community resources to those in need of services. Some of the agencies are more beneficial to the community than others. Some of the larger agencies that are well connected with political figures tend to receive more funding, and directly affect local policy changes. Inadequate, funding prevents most human services agencies from conducting program evaluations that could be used to help strengthen their capacity, increase funding and track success. One small organization located in Tallahassee, Florida defies those odds. The agency is located inside Bond Community Health Center the largest community health center in Tallahassee. The small agency is a pioneer of social change in the field of HIV/AIDS creating the only active Peer Navigator program. The Minority Alliance for Advocating Community Awareness and Action, Inc. (MAACA’s) mission statement is to empower the minority community through the linkage of services, the creation of culturally sensitive programs and through mobilization strategies. According to the history â€Å"the Minority Alliance for Advocating Community Awareness and Action, Inc. MAACA), formerly known as the Minority AIDS Action Committee (MAAC) was established in October 1999, under Shisa, Inc. Shisa, applied for federal funding from the Center for Disease Control (CDC) to help with the increasing number of new African American HIV infections cases in the United States. The CDC cooperative agreement capacity-building grant no. PA00003 Priority 3: Strengthening Community Capacity for HIV Prevention was awarded to Shisa, Inc. Shisa’s task was to build the capacity of African American communities to address the growing need for HIV prevention. States and counties covered under the cooperative agreement included Mobile, Alabama, the pan handle of Florida down to Jacksonville, Florida and then over to Thomasville, Georgia. According to the contract the boards were to provide three areas: 1) create community boards in each of the locations, 2) the board provides prevention events in the African American community especially during National HIV Observance Days and 3) the MAAC boards were to host community capacity building workshops. â€Å"In the early days of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, there has been since the 1980s a â€Å"profound re-medicalization of sexuality. One of the best-known works on the history of HIV is 1987’s book And the Band Played On, by Randy Shilts. Shilts contends that Ronald Reagan’s administration dragged its feet in dealing with the crisis due to homophobia, while the gay community viewed early reports and public health measures with corresponding distrust, thus allowing the disease to spread and hundreds of thousands of people to needlessly die. This resulted in the formation of ACT-UP, the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power by Larry Kramer,† Wikipedia. According to Wolf Wolfberger, conscious rather than unconscious ideology; â€Å"One thing that can be very bad about our ideologies is that more often than not, we are not aware of them. Sometimes we take them so for granted that we lose sight of their existence†¦ At other times, we simply are not equipped intellectually to formulate our ideologies into words. At yet other times, our ideologies are so bad that we cannot consciously face up to them. † â€Å"For example, we all claim to believe in equality – and then we practice gross discrimination, but deny it because we cannot admit it and therefore do not realize that we discriminate. It is with those ideologies that the stigma, fear, discrimination, homophobia, and negative perceptions about HIV/AIDS that places too many US citizens at a higher risk of infection. Many at risk for infection fear stigma more than actual infection itself especially in the African American communities. They instead choose to hide their high-risk behavior rather than get counseling and testing. The lack of awareness of one’s HIV status can affect the overall HIV rates. According to CDC data, â€Å"approximately 1 in 5 adults and adolescents in the U. S. living with HIV don’t know their HIV status. This translates to about 116,750 persons in the African-American community. † Just as it was in the early years of the pandemic the African American community was not prepared for HIV prevention and did not understand capacity building. The rural south communities did not welcome HIV prevention work especially HIV prevention work in the black churches. Many of the other agencies were not willing or not culturally sensitive to the needs of the African American community. Human service organizations are archetypically â€Å"institutionalized organizations. That is, their growth and survival depend less on the technical proficiency of their work and more on their conformity with dominant cultural symbols and belief systems, that is, institution rule (Meyer & Rowan, 1977) (page 14 – 15). † By 1990, those institutional rules fo r HIV prevention became more structural. Policy, laws and standard operating procedures were beginning to take form such as the US Congress enacting â€Å"the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act. Ryan White is the largest federal program dedicated to providing care and treatment for people living with HIV. A key component of the public health safety net, it reaches hundreds of thousands of people every year with medical care, drugs, and support services. The CARE Act has been a huge success in reducing sickness and death from HIV disease and helping people live longer, more healthy and productive lives. † Yeheskel Hasenfeld writes, â€Å"recognizing that human service organizations engage in moral work impede that they must constantly seek and maintain legitimacy for what they do. They do so by making references to institutionalized moral system in their environment. That is, they adopt and uphold moral systems and cultural frames that resonate well with their significant audiences, such as legislative bodies, government bureaucracies, regulatory agencies, professional associations, other human services organizations, various civic and political associations, and clients (Scott, 2008). † By 2005, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines stated that all agencies providing HIV prevention intervention programs must follow the â€Å"Behavior theory Interventions† as outlined in the CDC procedure guidance book. With this shift many of the small minority based CBO closed their doors to HIV prevention work. Of the fifteen Minority AIDS Action Committee (MAAC) boards formed during the five year of the CDC contract only the agency in Tallahassee, Florida remains. There is still a great need for the African American community to engage in HIV/AIDS prevention work. MAACA host some of the largest events in North Florida from HIV conferences to community workshops and forms. It is only when we chose to engage, constantly seek and maintain legitimacy that what we do in the field of HIV/AIDS that MAACA will continue to exist. MAACA is a champion for the people and was able to diversify funding sources while remaining true to its mission.

Greek Mythology Influences and Effect to Greek Civilization

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION â€Å"Mythos†- a Greek word meaning â€Å"tale† and the origin of the word mythology; according to the dictionary mythology means, a traditional story aiming to explain the meaning of things concerning deities and demigods. Greek Mythology has been known to be one of the footprints left by the civilization of ancient Greece to our history and these mythology somehow shed a light to the culture, life style, religion and history of ancient Greece since the mythology were the primary basis of the origin of the ancient Greeks and they believed that these mythologies explained the origin of why things turned out to be like that. The Mediterranean served as a basin for the early civilizations. The rich history of the†¦show more content†¦My single, divine nature is worshipped throughout the earth in many forms with various ceremonies and under various names. Thus, the early races of Attica call me Athena, the Cypriots, Aphrodite; the Cretans, Artemis; the Sicilians, Persephone; the Eleusinians, Demeter; and others, Hera. (Lucius Apuleius, The Golden Ass (150 A.D.). The women were given the much authority since the last female child of the ruling priestess-queen will inherit the throne since the last child usually was the last to die therefore insuring that fertility will continue. The ruling of the women in the society, religious rituals and social events reflected the matriarchal way of thinking of the people (Rosenburg, 1984). Through the matriarchal religion, the culture of the pre-Greek inhabitants differed from the Greeks in a way that the mother was the head of the family unlike the male dominated culture of the Greeks. The pre-Greek tribes saw motherhood as the most sacred, mysterious and miraculous event, and the pre-Greeks valued the female children than the male and the most favored was the last female child since she will keep the family line longer (Rosenburg, 1984). And as stated by Rosenburg, 1984: â€Å"The life of the family centered upon the mother, the hearth, and the home. Mother love was a humane and pacifying influence, cr eating an aura of honor, trust, hospitality, generosity, concern, and reverenceShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography On Ancient Greece1107 Words   |  5 Pagesand every day. Various gods ruled these different city states. Mythology was very huge in Ancient Greece. There are so many different folktales and myths from Ancient Greece. Do you ever wonder if any of those ancient Myth’s were true? Ever believe that those myths still help shape society today? 1. Burrell, Roy. The Greeks. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. 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Forgiveness As a Tool in Healing And Combatting Social Injustice - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2889 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/06/26 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Forgiveness Essay Did you like this example? In beginning this research, I was searching for an answer to an ongoing question that plagues this country. In previous research Ive conducted, I have examined many issues regarding racial injustices in America and how they have plagued specific groups of people. From the school- to-prison pipeline to the ineffective War on Drugs that have continued the in the state sanctioned terrorism on African Americans and people of color in the United States. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Forgiveness As a Tool in Healing And Combatting Social Injustice" essay for you Create order After reading countless journals and analyzing many texts that delve into the hate policing placed against minorities, I grew frustrated. In not wanting to negate history and ignore its effects, I am left asking, how do we move forward? The idea of forgiveness can be used as a key piece in building peaceful societies as well as peaceful individuals. It works to establish a society and a culture of people who are willing to recognize wrongdoing for what they are and choose to not allow the hurt to multiply. By working forgiveness into the core of a society, we can empower individuals to examine their own hurt, work through it and eventually work towards social harmony. Forgiveness will be one of those human competences which although imperfect, may help us to build more peaceful societies, because in the same way that we have learnt to hurt each other, we can learn to forgive each other too (Robles). In can be a challenging phenomenon to overcome, or even ask of for individuals with years of targeted hurt. However, when are continuing in the conversation of how do we move forward, it is a key component in ending repetitive cycles of vengeance and fear. In 2015, Dylan Roof, inferably unaware of the value and sanctity of human life walked into a South Carolina church to manifest the evil festered in his heart. He sat in service, an odd spectacle; an unknown white man in an all-black church. He gained their trust and arguably their love. In keeping with his preconceived plan, he aimed his gun at his first target, an unexpecting African American. He aimed his gun at the next and then the next, until nine members of the Emmanuel A.M.E Church were shot and killed. It was a horrific memory, a tragic event that will soon fill American history books around the nation. Innocent blood was shed for no other reason than to infiltrate his poisonous rationale that some life is not valuable. Roofs heinous acts were cruel and awful and immoral, undeniably so. But were his actions forgivable? A few weeks after the horrendous act, Nadine Collier, daughter of Ethel Lance, who was killed by Roof spoke and offered hope to not only her enemy, but the world. She said, I forgive you. You took something very precious away from me. I will never get to talk to her again. I will never be able to hold her again, but I forgive you, and have mercy on your soul. You hurt me. You hurt a lot of people. If God forgives you, I forgive you. ____ These words, easier said than understood are the very words that can grant someone freedom. Understandably, forgiveness can make one cringe at the thought of pardoning someone for a hurt or loss or deep wound inflicted on to them. It has been said that this appears to be a form of weakness. However, this paper aims to advocate for forgiveness as the first step in healing, combating social injustices and moving towards desired social outcomes, such as racial reconciliation. It is only when we are willing to It would be challenging to fully explore the depths of forgiveness without first exploring the womb in which forgiveness lives; compassion. The ability to release someone from their guilt and reestablish a relationship, to have the power to cancel the debt of another to experience the freedom that comes with giving a pardon to excuse somebody for a mistake, misunderstanding, wrongdoing or an inappropriateness is only possible through compassion. In his book Adam and Eve in Scripture, Theology and Literature; Sin, Compassion and Forgiveness, author Peter B. Ely, explains that compassion means entering the weakness, or suffering, or distress of the other person and seeing it as my own. If I cannot see that the sinner who did this or that horrible deed against me (or against us) shares a common human weakness that afflicts all human beings including me, the offended then its hard to be forgiving (Ely). To get to forgiveness we must be willing to see the human in our oppressor. It can be challenging when our oppressor is the face of terrorism, but, there is a healing that transpires that allows us to move forward in a healthy way. Joseph R. Canale argues in Altruism and Forgiveness as Therapeutic Agents in Psychotherapy that the act of forgiveness can be viewed as a prescription for a happier and healthier psychological existence during this lifetime, a prescription that through love brings a sense of fulfillment and through f orgiveness, a peace of mind. (Canale) It is only when release resentment that we can focus and be free of peace hindering motives, such as revenge, anger and hatred. Civil rights leader, Martin Luther King Jr. precedes in this notion of forgiveness as key in combatting social injustices. We must recognize that the evil deed of the enemy-neighbor, the that hurts, never quite expresses all that he is. An element of goodness may be found even in our worst enemy when we discover this, we are less prone to hate our enemies. When we look beneath the surface we recognize that his hate grows out of fear, pride, ignorance, prejudice and misunderstanding, but despite this, we know Gods image is ineffably etched in his being. Then we love our enemies by realizing that they arent totally bad and that they are not beyond the reach of Gods redemptive love. Its compassion that allows us to forgive that grants us freedom. It is easy and probably within good reason to believe that one is not as bad as Dylan Roof. We might find ourselves saying that there is no way I could ever commit such an act. But this belief falls short of grasping the understanding that in what lies in the heart of one human has the possibility of finding a home in the heart of the same person who could never do such a thing. We can fall victim to the same transgression as our enemy neighbor. Indeed, there are wrongs that can never be made right again, but the pure essence of the act itself, but forgiveness is what allows us to be set free from the past. Again, it is the only way to cease the repetitive cycles that keep humans repaying hurt with another hurt. When Nadine Collier, offered forgiveness to Dylan Roof, she continued in the process of healing that would make her time on earth bearable. Instead of harboring the pain Roof caused her, attempting to hold it against him, she released it. She released the countless nights she might otherwise have spent reliving the hate that might have stirred in her that tragic evening. She released the pain of recalculating all the ways she could find so that Roof could feel her grief and bear her pain. In a study by Neal Krause and Christopher G. Ellison, their findings reveal that older people who forgive others report they experience fewer symptoms associated with a depressed affect than older people who are unable or unwilling to forgive other people for things they have done. (Krause) To reiterate, she, in her forgiveness, continued the process of not allowing that soul-wrenching, hope-seizing event to keep her hostage or a slave. Because Collier chose to forgive, she can continue in that hope ful stride towards freedom. This is, however, a key piece needed in not only understanding forgiveness as the greatest weapon for humanity, but in executing. We must understand what exactly forgiveness is and is not. As articulated by theologian Tim Mackie in a teaching on why forgiveness is so vital to the movement of the Kingdom of Heaven, forgiveness is not ignoring or forgetting the wrongdoing. It is not condoning or excusing it, nor is it tolerating or allowing further abuse. It is imperative to make clear that if someone is in an abusive situation, be it, mentally or physical, it is more important that they find a way out, rather than beginning the process of forgiving. Forgiveness is also not returning to the way things were before or allowing the offender to escape consequences (Archive). Understanding this can allow us to take therapeutic forgiveness as individual cases arise and possibly as a model for society. Individually, when we choose to forgive, we are giving ourselves a specific place of power that allows us a better chance at make clear choice for moving forward. As said before, we are not fogged down with feelings of insecurity and anger that might cause hostility that can further ensure the disruption in the relationship. Instead, we are able to clearly decide if continuing in the relationship is best or not. As a model for society, when a hurt group of people choose forgiveness, whether the hurter makes amends towards contrition or not, that group can reestablish a sense of dignity and control over their position in society. This is in no way discrediting the continued systems that might actively be working against them, but it allows them to resist the friction peacefully, as Martin Luther King Jr practiced. It has been said that this type of social practice, forgiveness, cannot lead to justice as it is potentially can only serve as an interpersonal act. However, the very nature of forgiveness is a socially constructive act that gives way to social justice. Hannah Arendt describes forgiveness as the only reacting which does not merely re-act but acts anew and unexpectedly, unconditioned by the act which provoke it(Arendt). Miroslav Volf takes this idea a bit further, claiming that knowledge of justice requires forgiveness. She claims that to agree on justice, you need to make space in yourself for the perspective of the other (Volf). This leads us back to compassion as the only way of truly achieving forgiveness. Forgiveness is in no way opposed to justice, as if to forgive meant to overlook the need to right the wrong done. It is rather the fullness of justice, leading to that tranquility of order which is much more than a fragile and temporary cessation of hostilities, involving as it does the deepest healing of the wounds which fester in human hearts. Justice and forgiveness are both essential to such healing (XXXV). So, when we speak on forgiving, we are not saying that what is being forgiven is okay or excusable or even justifiable, we are saying though, for there to be true peace and genuine freedom that releases a person from the bonds of oppression, terrorism and dehumanization, forgiveness must take life. Yes, we want justice for the countless black bodies that have been wrongfully taken advantage of, abused and mistreated by a country that has and continues to step on and look down on people of color. Yes, we want justice for the innumerable violations of human rights taking place daily, for those incidents that make it to primetime and those that dont. Justice is an inevitable and undeniable demand for those who are far too familiar with the inability to feel sea in their skin for fear their esteem wont surmount their skin color. However, while are waiting for justice, we dont have to wait for freedom. Our society, by the grace of God has long progressed past the inherent and super pronounced state sanctioned hatred that once made up the aroma of our country. The air is continuing to distillate the stench caused by our enemies next door. We are moving forward and can continue to do so if forgiveness is what leads us in our walk towards irrevocable freedom. Many psychologists that use forgiveness therapy on their clients emphasize to them that forgiveness is voluntary and unconditional and does not involve the offenders response. It is the replacement of negative feelings with prosocial feelings toward the offender by recognizing the essential human core that we all possess. This brings about a cumulative healing effect that is transformational for the client (Menahem). Understanding that forgiveness frees the person forgiving from mental pain influences how well a person and or society can move forward in a way that produces the great social outcome. In a study by Lorraine Toussain t, he concludes that conditional forgiveness of others is associated with risk for all cause mortality, and that the mortality risk of conditional forgiveness may be conferred by its influences on physical health (Toussaint). Forgiveness gives the hurt the power and willingness to go out and heal the hurts, right the wrongs and ultimately change society. The chain of grievances ends with forgiveness. This model was used during the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa where the participants adopted the idea that your actions do not fully define you. They called it ubuntu and Bishop Desmond Tutu said that in doing so, we are making each other human. When someone is wronged, he or she is dehumanized, but the one who committed the offense is dehumanized as well. Two people are dehumanized and in the process of reconciliation, the perpetrator becomes less than the victim but somehow the perpetrator is human, the goodness is still there so when the perpetrator confesses, his or her humanity is restored, and, on that basis, alone reconciliation is possible. If winner takes all, there can be no common future (Kane). As Pope John Paul ii said in his message of His holiness for the celebration of the world day of peace, The is not peace without justice and no justice without forgiveness (XXXV) We see the forward moving idea of forgiveness through leaders with similar philosophies. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.s non-violent approach for fighting injustice with love and forgiveness led to such triumphant victories as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which banned discrimination in employment and public accommodations based on race, color, religion or national original, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 which restored and protected the right to vote, and the Immigration and Nationality services Act of 1965. All of these were achieved based on forgiveness as the wrench in unscrewing centuries of injustice. In a speech Dr. King gave on forgiveness, he emphasizes that forgiveness is a catalyst creating the atmosphere necessary for a fresh start and a new beginning (King). If both the offender and the offender harbor hatred, an unwillingness to forgive, it will result in both parties pulling a rope in opposite directions, attempting to take it as far they can until it snaps. Whereas, forgiveness means even if one party is walking away, the other must choose to stand firm, patiently, until the other party realizes he can go no further with the rope unless his counter walks with him. Forgiveness through compassion is a strong tool in combatting social injustice. The healing that ensues within the individuals practicing forgiveness allows deeper impact to take place. The acts of forgiveness of the family members in Charleston after the tragic shooting drew focused attention to deeper issues of racial violence in the South, resulting in the removal of the Confederate Battle Flag from the South Carolina State House grounds after years of efforts to accomplish this (Jorgensen). References Canale, Joseph R. Altruism and Forgiveness as Therapeutic Agents in Psychotherapy. Journal of Religion and Health, vol. 29, no. 4, 1990, pp. 297â€Å"301. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/27510618. Jorgensen, Larry M. Forgiveness after Charleston: The Ethics of an Unlikely Act. The Good Society, Vol. 26, No. 2-3, Special Issue: On Reintegrating Facts, Values, Strategies (2017), pp. 338-353. JSTOR, JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/goodsociety.26.2-3.0338?seq=1cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents Krause, Neal, and Christopher G. Ellison. Forgiveness by God, Forgiveness of Others, and Psychological Well-Being in Late Life. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, vol. 42, no. 1, 2003, pp. 77â€Å"94. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1387986. Menahem, Sam, and Melanie Love. Forgiveness in Psychotherapy: The Key to Healing. Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 69, no. 8, Aug. 2013, pp. 829â€Å"835. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1002/jclp.22018. Toussaint, Loren, et al. Forgive to Live: Forgiveness, Health, and Longevity. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, vol. 35, no. 4, Aug. 2012, pp. 375â€Å"386. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1007/s10865-011-9362-4. Izadi, Elahe. The Powerful Words of Forgiveness Delivered to Dylann Roof by Victims Relatives. The Washington Post, WP Company, 19 June 2015, Archives, Tim Mackie. 27. Forgiveness[Matthew] -Tim Mackie (The Bible Project). YouTube, YouTube, 20 Aug. 2017, www.youtube.com/watch?v=c89o7NaR7zI. XXXV World Day For Peace 2002, No Peace without Justice, No Justice without Forgiveness| John Paul II, w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/messages/peace/documents/hf_jp-ii_mes_2011211_xxxv-world-day-for-peace.html. Ely, Peter B. Adam and Eve in Scripture, Theology, and Literature: Sin, Compassion, and Forgiveness. Lexington Books, 2018. Arendt, Hannah, The Human Condition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958), 241. Volf, Miroslav, Exclusion Embrace: A Theological Exploration of Identity, Otherness, and Reconciliation (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1996), 220). Robles Jimenez, Juan Manuel, Forgiveness as a human ability for peace: Philosophy and Christian Theology in Dialogue, UNESCO Chair of Philosophy for Peace. Juame I University, Castellon de la Plana, Spain